Articles & guides

Windows performance, explained honestly

Practical articles to read - from real sensor data, not recycled myths.

Have a problem right now?
Type a symptom, not a title. Matched by the problem each guide solves. Press Enter to open the top result.

Deep-dives on how AI changes what a system monitor can actually do. Long reads, real code, no fluff.

Receipt PRO essay · #4 · new The most dangerous bug does not crash. It succeeds. Six real failures from fourteen months of shipping alone: a button that saved nothing, a check that measured nothing, a Store shortcut that opened nothing. All of them ran perfectly. All of them passed every test. Plus the week I let an assistant write more than I read, and one claim in the article that was wrong until I checked it. Read the essay →
Top guides

Scaling Laws

Behind the game dev scene

The feature

I sat on a finished build for three weeks because I was afraid of it

Twenty-nine days from the first commit to a public build, written down while it was still uncomfortable. What the fear actually was, what shipping cost, and the first numbers back.

Read it ->
Guides from building it

Scaling Laws is an AI company tycoon built by Marcin Firmuga under HCK Labs. Version 0.4.0 is free for Windows. The game page has the download, and How Scaling Laws works opens the machinery.

Featured guides
AI PC

Do you need a Copilot+ PC?

Three hardware requirements, six Windows features, and a longer list of things that work exactly the same without it.

Read the guide ->
AI PC

Does an NPU actually save battery?

The published comparisons put a laptop chip next to a desktop graphics card. Here is a measurement you can take on your own machine in twenty minutes.

Read the guide ->
AI PC

NPU, GPU or CPU: which runs your model?

Not the chip you bought. A driver version and an on-demand download decide it, and one driver range has a documented ceiling you can update past.

Read the guide ->
AI PC

How much memory does a local model need?

Two multiplications. One tells you whether the model fits, the other the fastest it could possibly answer, before you download anything.

Read the guide ->
AI PC

TOPS is not a specification

Intel publishes 120, 67 and 48 for the same processor. All three are true, and only one of them decides whether Windows gives you the AI features.

Read the guide ->
AI PC

Is your NPU doing anything?

Your laptop has a 40 TOPS neural processor and Task Manager shows 0%. Where the activity shows up, what actually uses it, and why zero is usually the correct reading.

Read the guide ->
The record

Fourteen months, four jobs, and still no job in software

The complete timeline of building a Windows application after work, month by month, with real dates and real numbers. Including the months where nothing worked.

Read the timeline ->
Reference

The Silent Failure Catalogue

Six classes of code that runs, returns, passes every test and delivers nothing. Symptom, why your suite misses it, a sweep you can run today, and a dated case for each.

Read the catalogue ->
Upgrade

RAM, SSD, CPU or GPU: what should you upgrade first?

Make the component earn its place on the shopping list. Match storage latency, memory pressure and CPU/GPU headroom to the task that feels slow.

Read the guide ->
Crash diagnosis

PC restarts while gaming with no blue screen?

Kernel-Power 41 records an unclean shutdown, not its cause. Read BugcheckCode, dumps and the minute before the restart.

Read the guide ->
GPU crash

Screen goes black and comes back?

nvlddmkm Event 153 and Display 4101 mean Windows reset the NVIDIA driver after a two second GPU hang. Read the pattern, not the event ID.

Read the guide ->
Hardware errors

WHEA-Logger warnings in Event Viewer?

Events 17, 19 and 47 are errors your hardware corrected. Event 18 is one it could not. Read the fields, count them, find the part.

Read the guide ->
RAM stability

XMP or EXPO crashes games?

Compare a clean JEDEC baseline with the memory profile, test outside Windows and stop treating a successful boot as proof of stability.

Read the guide ->
Gaming

High FPS, but the game still stutters?

Read the frame-time pattern. Separate shader compilation, asset streaming, VRAM pressure, a saturated CPU thread and a background interruption.

Read the guide ->
Diagnosis

PC slow, but Task Manager looks normal?

Low percentages can hide one full CPU thread, a short stall, storage latency, a hard fault, low clocks or driver interference.

Read the guide ->
GPU memory

How much VRAM do you actually need?

Dedicated versus shared memory, Windows budgets, game texture pools and the real memory cost of a local AI model.

Read the guide ->
Processes

What is this process in Task Manager?

A familiar name proves almost nothing. Tell a real Windows process from malware by its path, signature and parent, with a reference table for svchost, RuntimeBroker and COM Surrogate.

Read the guide ->
Upgrades

Will this CPU work with my motherboard?

The socket matches and the PC still will not boot. The five layers of compatibility, the three traps a spec sheet hides, and the Compatibility Receipt that says "do not install yet" for a reason.

Read the guide ->
Temperatures

What's a normal CPU temperature?

72°C while gaming is fine. The same 72°C at idle is a warning. Why one threshold for every PC is a myth - with per-workload reference table.

Read the guide ->
Drivers

Ghost drivers: the hardware you removed years ago

Your old GPU's driver is still in Windows - hidden by Device Manager. How to find and remove ghosts with pnputil, step by step.

Read the guide ->
Optimization

How to speed up a Windows PC without the usual myths

A useful order of work for startup apps, background processes, services, storage, RAM and temperatures.

Read the guide ->
Services

Which Windows services can you turn off safely?

A conditional list, the 33-service no-touch guard and a reversible way to test every change.

Read the guide ->
Health

Is my Windows PC healthy?

Five plain questions that separate a normal busy machine from a real problem, without a benchmark score.

Read the guide ->
Memory

Why is my RAM usage so high?

Read Available memory and hard faults, then reclaim memory without killing the apps you use.

Read the guide ->
Cooling

Why are my PC fans so loud?

Most fan noise is a twitchy curve chasing spikes, not real heat. Build a quiet curve that still cools, and cap it where more RPM stops buying degrees.

Read the guide ->
Power

Can software tell if your PSU is dying?

An 11.8V reading is not a death sentence. The ATX spec, why sensors lie, the real signs of a failing PSU, and reading a trend with SPC instead of panicking over one number.

Read the guide ->
Performance

Why does my CPU or GPU clock drop under load?

A clock drop and a warm chip prove nothing on their own. How to read temperature, power and utilisation together to tell thermal throttling from a power limit from a plain bottleneck.

Read the guide ->
Storage

Why is my disk at 100%?

Active time measures time, not speed. Read response time, find the process building the queue, then fix the real cause in the right order.

Read the guide ->
Drive health

Is my SSD dying?

The SMART and NVMe values that matter, the raw numbers that often mislead, and why a clean report never replaces a backup.

Read the guide ->
Startup

Which startup apps can I disable?

Decide by what an entry does, not its brand or impact label. Find hidden locations, make reversible changes and measure the result.

Read the guide ->
These guides come from a real tool. PC Workman monitors temperatures per workload, finds ghost drivers and manages services automatically - free, open source, offline. Download it here.
MF

Marcin Firmuga

Solo developer · HCK_Labs · Guides grounded in PC Workman's sensor pipeline

I write these from what PC Workman's sensors actually show across real machines - including the 2014 laptop at 94°C this project started on.